One of the worst things that can happen to someone is that they become so powerful in their field that the community no longer works as a check on their behavior. We should pity their victims more, but we should also have some sympathy for people like Dov Charney and  Terry Richardson. Who in their right mind would want to be so controlled by the awful desire to control?

Reformed Christianity speaks to this. Not only do we believe in Calvin's (insert Schopenhauer if theism isn't your bag) "depravity of man" thesis, but we also believe that the solution involves moral communities willing to publicly call people on their depraved behavior (Presbyterians call this "discipline"). 

When I screw up even in little ways there are lots of people near and far who publicly call me on it. I don't know what kind of monster I'd be if I had the resources to silence them.*

Academics are a little bit like the fashion industry, like rock and rollers, like dictators. We have this awful cult of genius where someone's awfulness can be evidence that they deserve to get away with being awful. I don't know if philosophy is worse than other fields in this respect.

[*UPDATE 7/7/2014 I removed a parenthetical involving people who threaten lawsuits that some readers with justice took to be both unfair and passive-aggressive. When writing it, I didn't mean for this post to single out one person. But we know what good intentions pave. And to be honest, while writing it I was pretty depressed about the latest brouhaha concerning Brian Leiter reacting to criticism in ways that strike me as frankly abusive. So the criticism is fair.


I think my Calvinism might lead me astray in some postings. A central part of the belief system involves looking at people doing unethical things and think "there but for the Grace of God go I." We are also taught to think about how the very same mechanisms that permit great evil also permit lesser evils. This is how I see the world. By understanding how I might do the same in similar circumstances I am more likely to continue to love everybody involved and also not fall pray to whatever mechanisms make people less loving.

But people not in the Reformed tradition tend to view this kind of discourse as if we are claiming that great evils are morally equivalent to lesser evils. For example, when people examined the propaganda apparatus in Nazi Germany to understand and critique the propaganda involved in getting us into the second Gulf War, a common refrain was that leftists were looney because they thought George Bush was morally equivalent to Hitler (remember "Bush Derangement Syndrome"?).

I'm with the Reformed tradition here. Not being the Nazis (or Terry Richardson, for that matter) is a very low moral bar to pass. By disallowing the Reformed type of reasoning, we end up not examining the evil in our own hearts. This being said, I realize that most readers are not part of this tradition, and I'll be more careful in my blogging.

Finally, let me be non-passive aggressive. I do pity Brian Leiter precisely because if senior people in the schools he ranks highly (or some non-negligible percentage of Gourmet Report Rankers) told him to cut it out, he would stop embarrassing himself in these ways. I find it absolutely mystifying that this hasn't happened yet. He's being very badly served by whomever he listens to. And I can tell you from my own experience and that of a number of friends (mostly continental philosophers) that it's not fun at all to be on the receiving end of his jeremiads and insults.

As far as public rudeness in philosophy, please consider Susan's comment from this post at Philosophy Smoker.

I would like to say “only in Philosophy” would it be the case that a reasonable defense of being accused of rudeness is to protest, hey, I’m rude to everyone all the time, but I imagine the climate is similarly unfriendly in at least a few other disciplines or professions. Telemarketing and other high-pressure sales environments spring to mind.

The question is, why do philosophers tolerate this situation? Why do we attend so closely to the squeakiest hinges? We could insist on basic civility, but we choose not to by valuing many, many people who fail to consistently achieve it.

I have heard several philosophers argue that rudely dismissing ideas you consider sub-par is almost a moral imperative, lest the bad ideas spread and infect others through want of a sufficiently devastating criticism. I have read journal submission reviews and rejections (alas, not only for my own articles!) that appeared to be inspired by the conviction that it is insufficient merely to reject a piece and explain its errors or required improvements; only the most scorching rhetoric can successfully purify the world of shoddy ideas and writing! Why is that, exactly? I’ve never quite understood. I’m no Emily Post but I’ve often felt like an alien outsider in my own profession because my mama didn’t raise me to act that way. Maybe people are ready to begin seriously reflecting about whether this atmosphere is healthy for the continued success of our discipline in the increasingly competitive financial environment of universities.

This should be commonsensical.]

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11 responses to “It takes a village. . .”

  1. Sophie Avatar
    Sophie

    Can you explain this whole “awfulness as evidence for deserving to get away with awfulness” claim a bit more?

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  2. Jon Cogburn Avatar

    Here’s an example. I have a linguist friend who was good friends with a student who dated a (married) famous philosopher a couple of decades ago. My friend actually feels sorry for the philosopher, because she saw two dynamics going on. (1) He was so famous that nobody was willing to call him on behavior that got increasingly anti-social. (2) People actually supported that behavior because it was viewed as yet more evidence of his genius. So he lived in this world without the moral friction/gravity that the rest of us depend on. From talking to my linguist friend and a few other people who know the philosopher in question (as well as reading lots of biographies of powerful people), I think it’s incredibly destructive to human beings when they are in a situation where nobody is willing to remonstrate with them.
    You see this kind of thing in politics of many different cultures and ages, a kind of anti-morality where people end up being appraised in terms of what they can get away with. I think it clearly happened with Dov Charney and Terry Richardson in the fashion industry. Richardson had a really difficult childhood in the custody of a brain damaged mother who was the butt of the town’s jokes. His apotheosis as a fashion photographer made it such that he wasn’t in a position to deal with those issues, or rather he dealt with them in the worst possible way. But the way he (and Dov Charney) sexually harassed people were often taken as evidence of their genius. It’s a terrible dynamic for everyone involved.
    Pink Floyd’s “The Wall” was supposed to be in part an exploration of that dynamic. During the tour for “Animals” Roger Waters had a come-to-Jesus moment right after he found himself spitting in a fan’s face during a Toronto stadium show. What’s happened to him? How did he become this terrible person? At the very end of the album, Pink’s sentence is to be exposed before his peers. It’s really quite brilliant. Famous people often live without the moral friction and become increasingly awful as a result, but then at some point their awfulness gets so pronounced that they become famous for that instead of people originally liked about them. And there’s usually a disgusting amount of schadenfreude involved, often quite sexist if the celebrity is female.
    Of course, academia is not politics or rock and roll. But I think some of the dynamics involving fame and power are similar.
    Two things though. (1) Evidence strongly suggests that there are a lot of superstars who figure out how to be good people in spite of the fame. (2) I’m not saying that the kinds of social dysfunction you find among academics is something that people consciously manifest so as to seem smarter than they actually are. I very much doubt that would work. But also, I think you have to be a little bit bent to want to dedicate your life to philosophy. We’re a pretty weird bunch. . . But I think that’s independent of treating people badly or not.

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  3. Sophie Avatar
    Sophie

    Re (1) and (2) from your first paragraph: (1) does look like a good reason to feel sorry for the philosopher. And feeling sorry for him doesn’t excuse him from cheating on his wife. I’m still confused about (2) though. Since when is cheating on one’s spouse evidence of genius? I’ve been cheated on, and I did not come to the conclusion that the person who cheated on me was a genius. Perhaps the points in the middle clear that up… hold on..
    Okay, those points clear it up a bit- sometimes we doubt ourselves and defer to the whims of more popular and powerful people. But that’s bad- and that’s what logic and reason can save us from. If the powerful or popular person has a whim that seems bad, demand a reason. Really, this tactic works with boyfriends who cheat, so it should probably work with popular and powerful academics- especially if they’re familiar with logic and reason, right?
    Re (1) and (2) from your last paragraph: (1) yes, and (2) maybe- I’m kinda weird. You seem weird. But there seem to be plenty of talented non-weird philosophers out there.

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  4. Jon Cogburn Avatar

    I agree with what you write (and God bless the non-weird philosophers), but I might have one minor misgiving.
    Some of the worst people I know are avowed Kantians* who are very good at giving reasons for their behavior if ever challenged. This possibility makes me a little wary of the extent to which moral correctness coincides with that which can be defended by reason.
    Part of my weirdness is that I just don’t know how to communicate when there’s a large group of people and a lot of ambient background noise. I either say nothing or end up shouting at people in ways that unsettle them. I’ve tried very hard to rectify this as it makes me useless at APA Smokers and every week when church lets out and everyone walks by the pastor. But there just aren’t a good set of instructions for how to master the skill. Dale Carnegie has some good advice, but it doesn’t help with this kind of thing. You can smile and ask people about themselves, and still come across in ways that make people unsettled or angry.
    I think that all of the subtle ways we can be unkind are probably at least as complicated as how to behave in crowded areas with lots of ambient background noise, and also that navigating the space requires sensitivity to how others react to us. With you and the philosophical tradition, I think that a huge part of this is when others ask us to justify our actions and we feel required to come up with a good reason, and to change our behavior if we can’t (and famous people are systematically robbed of this kind of check). But I think a lot of it is below that level. We just get a sense when other people are hurt, fed up, angry, joyful, etc. and our virtues develop over the years of negotiating these situations on the fly (Mark Lance has written very beautifully about this). Unfortunately, a lot of famous people get robbed of this kind of moral friction as well. The supply of yes men and women is pretty inexhaustible and society is very good at teaching us to pretend that those with power over us can do no wrong. We pretend so much that we start to believe it. The alternative is too painful. Part of why this onion story ( http://www.theonion.com/articles/humanity-surprised-it-still-hasnt-figured-out-bett,36361/ ) is so funny is because it’s clear that everyone doesn’t know this, though they should.
    [*And best! Also, as CS Lewis wrote with respect to Christianity, the real question concerns how much worse they would be without the Kantianism. I think Kantianism helps some people who don’t have the standard range of affective moral responses but still want very badly to be good people. I’ve known a couple of people who have used Kant to overcome the moral fallout from suffering something like clinical narcissim. Again though, I’m not slamming Kantians. (1) We’re all narcissitic, and (3) I don’t mean to be saying anything inconsistent with the fact that many Kantians are affectively well tuned and also find the approach to moral theory plausible.]

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  5. Sophie Avatar
    Sophie

    “Some of the worst people I know are avowed Kantians* who are very good at giving reasons for their behavior if ever challenged. This possibility makes me a little wary of the extent to which moral correctness coincides with that which can be defended by reason.”
    Sure, there are people who are really good at giving reasons to excuse their harmful behavior [I don’t know about the Kantians, but cheating (ex)-boyfriends seem pretty adept at this]. But from where I sit now, I love to hear these reasons. How else would I get a chance to give better reasons to show them why they’re wrong*?
    But that’s me now, after several years of confidently using reasons. The world was much more confusing and unpleasant when important people would insist that not-p when I had some very good reasons to think that-p, but no principles with which to confidently use those reasons to assert that-p.
    And that, my weird and ambient-noise-sensitive friend, is why everyone needs philosophy- especially the less confident, less popular, and less powerful.
    *or if it turns out that they are in fact making several claims at once, that they are wrong about some things, but not others.

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  6. i k Avatar
    i k

    ” unfair and passive-aggressive”
    when did we start labeling -passive aggressive as a disease?
    Do I expect more from yu people? no

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  7. Jon Cogburn Avatar

    I don’t understand your criticism. All else being equal, it’s better not to be passive aggressive isn’t it?
    Do you not expect us to be better in the sense of it being better not to apologize for being passive aggressive? Or do you not expect us to be better in the sense of it being better not to be passive aggressive?
    Related- I wrote a fun slightly passive aggressive post praising passive aggressive colleagues a little while ago. It’s at http://www.newappsblog.com/2013/09/in-praise-of-passive-aggressive-colleagues.html . And http://www.passiveaggressivenotes.com/ remains a vital internet resource.

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  8. i k Avatar
    i k

    yu are no forced to make a living here
    “sorry i had to take these shortcuts”
    you are forced to make a fame

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  9. i k Avatar
    i k

    is it ok if I call you a lazy bastard?
    lazy is a human disposition
    I dont know if you re a bastard in the literal sense but yu could be a devious personality
    passive-aggressive or x-y to abstract it is a human disposition
    is it real existing?
    it sure is
    is it acceptable culturally
    not in some cultures it may be brushed away in some others
    in the preeny section of the american population that works in the upper brain that has a acquired a “special” position
    again I posit it in the same realm as “hypocrite” “character” disorder and all the like that cultures make up to protect themselves
    is it real? sure bet it is

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  10. Jon Cogburn Avatar

    RE: comment 8- You comment with some frequency at Philosophers Anonymous, am I right?
    I tried putting your comment in Haiku, but it actually scans much better as you’ve written it.
    First stanza- I don’t make a living here, and in fact didn’t start blogging until after I got tenure. What Willie Nelson sings in a different context (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDc-9yRc5Jg) might be appropriate here: “it ain’t no good life // but it’s my life.” But you are right that nobody forces me to participate in this blog.
    Second stanza- I didn’t actually say that, so I take it that the quotation marks denote sarcasm of some sort? So my apology for being passive aggressive is itself a passive aggressive apology? That’s probably correct. The thing about passive aggression is that it almost always involves bad faith (in the Sartrean self-deceptive sense) on the part of the passive aggressive person.
    Third stanza- I realize that it might be some kind of Nietzschean ressentiment on my part towards those more successful than myself that makes me think that I would be extraordinarily unhappy if I were famous, but I do think that. As a failed musician I can’t quite get over successful musicians for whom success brings no happiness. It seems like a raw deal to me. I mean The Ramones have brought me so much happiness. In a just world Dee Dee Ramone would still be alive, and Johnny and Joe would have gotten over their acrimony. I’ve probably done at least ten posts at this point about people who get everything they wanted, but then it’s not like the ending of Gene Wilder version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. If your love of music makes you love the musicians a little bit, you can’t help but think about this a fair amount.

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  11. Jon Cogburn Avatar

    Re: comment 9-
    Huey Long once said about a political opponent (possibly Willie Rainach), “And let the Senate record show that when I called the gentleman from Monroe a son of a bitch that in fact I was not using an obscenity, but rather intended to refer strictly to the circumstances of his birth.”
    I don’t know about “bastard.” If we could still insult someone by calling them left-handed it would probably be a bad thing to do, even if the person in question wasn’t left-handed. Glenn Danzig disagrees though- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIfr1LCFL8c.

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