By: Samir Chopra

On Monday, I wrote a brief note here on Jose Saramago's Blindness, commenting on its very distinctive tragicomic style. Earlier in the day, my class had discussed–among others–parts XI and XII of the novel, two sections in which the violence and depravity in the abandoned mental hospital reaches new depths. Rape and a stabbing death are its most prominent features. Our discussion went well; I had asked students to bring in examples of passages they found satirical, and we talked about how these served to make Saramago's broader ethical and political commentary more distinctive.

Later that evening I received an email from a student, who noted that the graphic nature of the reading might have been traumatic to those in my class who might have been affected by similar trauma. She asked me to provide a 'trigger warning' for the readings in future.

I wrote back to the student, apologizing for any distress caused her, and asked her to come in to meet me during my office hours. She has not written back to me yet, but I expect we will meet soon enough.
 
Meanwhile, this morning, in class, I began by talking to my students about the email I had received–without naming the author, of course. I acknowledged that the reading might have been experienced quite differently by the many readers in my class, each bringing to it their unique personal backgrounds and experiences; I went on to note that in the first class meeting of the semester, I had pointed out that the subject material of the class–a concentration on post-apocalyptic literature–was likely to involve many difficult emotional and intellectual encounters and that our reading of Nevil Shute's On The Beach had already exposed us to some very painful and melancholic ruminations on death and dying. I noted that the readings which remained in the semester would often take us down similar paths (I made especial note of  Cormac McCarthy's The Road at this point.) I then wrapped up by reminding my students that they would often encounter reading material in college which would be distressful in many different dimensions, but again, this did not mean that no sensitivity could be shown to those who might find them traumatic.
 
We then returned to our final discussion of Blindness.
 
As I was taken unaware by my student's email, I do not know if my responses are adequate or appropriate. All and any comments are welcome.
 
Note: This post was originally published–under the same title–at samirchopra.com.
 
Addendum: Thanks to all for your comments. I've deleted the email text I had originally reproduced here and replaced it with a paraphrase. 
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11 responses to “Trigger Warnings For Assigned Readings?”

  1. FYI Avatar
    FYI

    Compared to other distressing content, rape in particular is a good case to consider on its own. For people who are rape survivors, graphic depictions of rape can cause not just emotional upset of the kind that resulting from facing our own mortality, or our own complicity in immoral actions, etc., but genuine PTSD-related harms. (Of course, other things can trigger PTSD flashbacks too, including completely innocuous things, but graphic depictions of rape are a particularly common trigger, given the appallingly high number of people who experience sexual assault by college age.)
    Although awareness of this is not yet widespread, so it’s not surprising that not that many are aware of this, it’s relatively easy (and potentially an extremely important gesture for those affected) to give students a heads-up when that particular kind of content will show up, even if you’ve given a sort of general warning at the beginning (anyone who teaches knows the students quickly forget the stuff you tell them at the beginning of the semester!). And warning about likely triggers needn’t only lead students to skip that material: some people with triggers are able to engage with potentially triggering content, as long as they’ve had the chance to prepare themselves emotionally.

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  2. S Avatar
    S

    I have sexual violence – caused PTSD. You should be aware that it is worth explicitly stating that graphic sexual violence is involved in a text. I am willing to be challenged by violent, distressing, unsettling texts, but if I stumble upon a depiction of rape unawares, it can “trigger” an irrational fear-response that essentially douses my brain in stress-chemicals and could potentially lead to days-long difficulties with basic functioning.
    It takes you five seconds to preemptively warn students about depictions of sexual violence and considering that it could spare me days of mental health difficulties, is it so hard to just give students a head’s up? Many college-aged women will have experienced some form of sexual violence already in their lives and sadly a high number of them will have developed PTSD.

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  3. J Avatar
    J

    Wait… you haven’t yet spoken to the student? Does that mean you published this email without the student’s permission? That could make an already awkward situation even worse.

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  4. Derek Bowman Avatar

    I agree with J, that you should reconsider the wisdom of posting the student’s email in this way.
    Also, be aware the bringing the issue up in class may have made the student feel singled out, even if that was not your intent. In particular, if it’s a small group, the student might think that everyone can guess that it was her (she might think that even if it’s not true). Although I’ve never dealt with this particular issue, one way I’ve tried to address student concerns without making them feel singled out is to use the logician’s ‘some’ to say that ‘Some students have raised concerns about x…’ It’s also important to avoid staring right at the student in question when you say that.

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  5. L.J. Avatar
    L.J.

    I think the student’s email is absolutely spot on. It is important–for particular pieces, not just in general–to let students know if there are potential triggers. This is not only in the interest of students’ health and well-being, but also in the interest of their academic education. A student who is going to have a PTSD or other serious emotional reaction to a text like that will not have the learning experience you want your students to have. It may instead cause her to feel isolated, not understood, and that her needs are not protected in academic environments.
    This is not a merely hypothetical worry: between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 women who go to college are sexually assaulted in college. This means that in a class of 20 with 50% women, two of the people in the class may need special accommodations for this kind of assignment.
    I also think it is important to give students an opt-out for particular readings if they need it. (Is there an alternate assignment you can give someone who doesn’t/can’t read a graphic rape scene?).

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  6. a Avatar
    a

    agreed. you posting this without permission, anonymous or not, is a violation of the student’s trust.

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  7. jackie taylor Avatar
    jackie taylor

    I agree with #3 and 4: there was no need to publish the actual content of a student’s email, especially without the student’s permission, to get across the point. The same with the class discussion of the point. I am not sure what steps you can take to repair the damage done by publishing and publicly discussing the email, but I recommend checking with your university. To have some discussion of how such graphic violence in literature can trigger ptsd and other effects is definitely worthwhile, perhaps with some reminder of the resources available to students at your university.

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  8. N Avatar
    N

    I agree with the points already made: both posting about this and bringing it up in class (whilst well-meaning) might well have made things worse.
    I also don’t think it’s clear that the student personally finds these issues triggering, and if she does she might want intentionally want to leave that ambiguous. So I’m afraid your apology “for any distress caused her” might at best be misplaced, and at worst cause her more anxiety. I also think you shouldn’t expect her to meet with you about this (although it was kind of you to offer). She’s told you what she would like to happen (providing trigger warnings) and you’ve noted this, so I think there’s not much more she could get from a meeting. And, as it might potentially be something she finds uncomfortable or traumatic to discuss, there’s a high cost associated with it.
    I’m not sure you should try to rectify this in light of these suggestions however. Contacting her again (unless she contacts you) is as likely to cause more problems as it is to solve them. But hopefully some of these points will be useful if such a thing arises again. Take-away points: it takes a lot of courage for people to discuss traumatic stuff even over email, and so pushing the discussion into an even more public setting (a meeting or a class discussion) is probably unwise.

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  9. try102030 Avatar
    try102030

    I once wrote an essay on a controversial topic we had been assigned and I argued for a controversial point of view. So far as I know, no one else did. It was also quite critical of the lecturer’s pet theory. The day essays were handed back, my position and arguments were brought up in class and put forward as those of a ‘hypothetical’ speaker. The lecturer basically addressed everyone but me, inviting them to rubbish my idea and arguments, with such leading questions that pretty much amounted to: ‘So would you agree that anyone who argued this is basically a dick?’
    It was not anywhere near discussing a personal, private email in ‘anonymous’ terms, let alone outrightly stating that we are to discuss an anonymous essay (which somehow seems more fair game).
    Call it a fault in my character (you’d probably be right) but I was very close to smashing the guy’s face in for instigating a very humiliating experience. At least, that’s how it made me feel.

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  10. Nick Avatar
    Nick

    The AAUP provides guidance about trigger warnings here: http://www.aaup.org/report/trigger-warnings. It goes contrary to L.J.’s theorizing in a prior comment.

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  11. anon Avatar
    anon

    I have no particular information on this (and have often wondered myself what material warrants a trigger warning), but I just want to applaud Samir for being so open-minded about this topic — many faculty in that position might have read the student’s email as a chastisement (which it sort of was) and react defensively, instead of inquisitively. Props!!!!

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